Pentatuch

The first five books of Moses. This was given to moses by God on Mount Herob after the exodus of the Isrealites from the land of Egypt.

TORAH. In Judaism, the word Torah in its narrowest sense refers to the first five books, or Pentateuch, of the Hebrew Bible. These books, traditionally credited to Moses, are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. This written Torah is preserved in all Jewish synagogues on handwritten scrolls of parchment. Readings from the Torah form a significant part of many synagogue services. In the Babylonian rite of Judaism, now standard in most orthodox synagogues, the whole Torah is read in a year's time. The cycle of reading is completed and a new one started on the day following the conclusion of Sukkoth, or the Feast of Tabernacles, a fall harvest festival.

The Hebrew word Torah means "to show the way," or "to teach." It is in this sense that the word is used throughout the Hebrew Bible, where it can refer to teaching from God, moral instruction given by people, or to the specific written law as stated in the books of Moses. Because the word has these various meanings, it has at times come to stand for the entire Hebrew Bible, and it has also been used to describe the whole tradition of Judaism, both written and oral law. In this widest sense Torah can refer to the compilations of oral law in the Talmud, as well as to the laws given to Moses.

Apocrypha

Also Known as the dead sea scrolls with some of the books that was not included in the original bible such as the book of Macabbes etc.

Many religions have a literature that serves as a foundation for belief and practice among their followers. For Judaism and Christianity such a literature is found in the Bible a term derived from the Greek meaning "book." The Bible is a collection of many books by an unknown number of authors.

In Judaism and Christianity the makeup of the Bible is not the same. The Christian Bible is divided into two major sections: the Old Testament and the New Testament. For Judaism the Bible consists of the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings what Christians call the Old Testament. Some Christians, notably the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, include certain books that are not accepted as authoritative by Judaism or Protestant Christianity. These books, called by Jews and Protestants the Apocrypha, are commonly included in Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox versions of the Bible but omitted from (or segregated within) Protestant Bibles.

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